http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/ RecentChanges for blogsinvestigativejournalism http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/feedlogo.gif http://pbwiki.com/ PBwiki 1.3.9 support@pbwiki.com http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/proamdebate email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited proamdebate Underlying many of these debates are tensions around discourses of amateurism and professionalism. By its nature, professional journalism is a commercialised entity, required to make money. In order to do this it must either attract very large audiences, or relatively affluent ones that are attractive to advertisers or willing to pay high cover prices. It must also keep costs low where it can, meaning newsgathering is generally routinised, and bureaucratised.
Herman (2005)illustrates this in identifying five conditions which information must fulfil before it becomes news: the size, ownership and profit orientation of news operations; the dominance of advertising; dependence on 'official sources'; attempts at control; and ideological pressures.
from that. that - although commercial blog networksare increasing in number.
However, while 'official sources' are not used in the same way that journ]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 10:33:06 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/blogsandjournalism email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited blogsandjournalism A second factor is the rise of linkbacks (also known as trackbacks, refbacksor pingbacks). These 'ping' a blogger to notify them when another blogger has linked to their post, while a brief extract of the referring website and a link is often included as part of the comments on a particular post, enabling the blogger to address any response or debate, as well as allowing readers to follow disussion that took place on other blogs after the original post was written. This combination of reverse referencing and notificationadds to blogging'sconversational nature, making bloggers aware of their readers' identities and opinions, and allowing them to correct errors or clarify and refine arguments. Notably, articles which are not written on a platform using trackback technology - i.e. most traditional news websites - do not get included in this discussion.
Thirdly, because of the tendency for blogs to link frequently, and because of the importance of incoming links to a webpage's ranking on search engines such as]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 10:17:41 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/References email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited References Outlook, The. Blogs: The Next Takeover Target? October 23, 2007, http://outlook.standardandpoors.com/NASApp/NetAdvantage/i/displayIndustryFocusEditorial.do?&context=IndustryFocus&docId=12491873
Ponsford, Dominic. Survey criticises dailies for single-sourcing, Press Gazette, October 19, 2007, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=38881
Ponsford, Dominic. David Leigh: Web could spell the end of the reporter, Press Gazette, November 2, 2007, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=39340&c=1
Revkin, Andrew C. A Young Bush Appointee Resigns His Post at NASA, New York Times, February 8 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/08/politics/08nasa.html?pagewanted=print
Reynolds, Glenn. Instapundit.com, September 18, 2005
]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 10:12:41 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited FrontPage The following is a work in progress of a chapter for the book 'Investigative Journalism'. Please make any edits, changes, corrections, additions, etc. by clicking on 'Edit page' above and logging on with the password 'bij'.
Introduction
blogs have and new media technologieshave become important tools in investigative journalism: in sourcing material; in disseminating the results of fieldwork; and as a source of funding.
In the course of addressing these areas it is important to recognise the importance of blogging's history in shaping its contents - contents, while being wary of falling into technological determinism. No technology is neutral, and all technologies have their own cultural histories that influence the content, cultures and uses that grow up around them - cultures histories that are influenced by the actors that play a part in their development. This chapter provides a brief ov]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 10:11:27 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited FrontPage The following is a work in progress of a chapter for the book 'Investigative Journalism'. Please make any edits, changes, corrections, additions, etc. by clicking on 'Edit page' above and logging on with the password 'bij'.
Introduction
funding. In
In the course of addressing these areas it is important to recognise the importance of blogging's history in shaping its contents: no contents - while being wary of falling into technological determinism. No technology is neutral, and all technologies have their own cultural histories that influence the content, cultures and uses that grow up around them, and this them - cultures that are influenced by the actors that play a p]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 10:09:29 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Gabriela) Gabriela edited FrontPage Investigative Journalism and Blogs
a chapterfor chapter for the book 'Investigative Journalism'. Please make any edits, changes, corrections, additions, etc. by clicking on 'Edit page' above and logging on with the password 'bij'.
Introduction
content, culturesand cultures and uses that grow up around them, and this chapter provides a brief overview of those histories.
Who gets to call themselves a journalist - and the value of 'amateurism' in reporting - has been a recurring theme during the rise of citizen journalism, and the second part of this chapter deals with that 'pro-am' debate, arguing that amateur bloggers perform an important role outside of the commercialised, bureaucratised work processes of professional journalists.
The section on sourcing...
At the same time, readers should be wary of falling into technologically determinist perspectives that herald an age where 'everyone is a journalist' or, indeed, no one i]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 03:42:49 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/Blogs+e+Jornalismo email.hidden@example.com (Gabriela) Gabriela edited Blogs e Jornalismo Blogs e Jornalismo
Perguntar se “blogs são jornalismo” é confundir forma por conteúdo. Blogs – como websites, papel, televisão ou rádio – podem conter jornalismo, mas podem não conter. Eles são plataformas, embora – como outras plataformas midiáticas – sigam determinadas convenções genéricas. Como em todas convenções, elas possuem vantagens e desvantagens para o jornalismo, e é o que este capítulo objetiva tratar.
Como uma plataforma, blogs são um tipo de website construído (normalmente) usando um software de administração de conteúdo em um modelo onde entradas são datadas e distribuídas com a entrada mais recente no topo. Apesar da extraordinária variedade e quantidade, a tecnologia e a história dos blogs deram ao meio algumas qualidades genéricas. Essas qualidades incluem: uma estrutura em que a postagem mais recente fica no topo, um “blogroll” de sites relacionados, um estilo de escrita geralmente pessoal ou subjetivo, brevidade, e – relacionado ]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 03:40:34 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/O+debate+amador-profissional email.hidden@example.com (Gabriela) Gabriela added O debate amador-profissional !! O debate amador-profissional

Blogs têm atraído críticas de uma variedade de fontes por serem suscetíveis de mobilizar multidões (Allan, 2006), por conter opiniões doentias ou viciadas, por ser uma “cadeia de eco”de vozes homogêneas (Henry, 2007), pela falta de rigor editorial, e como representantes do crescimento do “culto do amador”.

Ao mesmo tempo, o jornalismo profissional por si só tem sido atacado pelo crescimento da cultura corporativa (Gant, 2007), com muitos jornalistas vendo “sua autonomia diminuindo ao passo que os padrões da sala de redação de ética, rigor e balanço perdem espaço para metas administrativas de economia financeira e trivialização de notícias” (Beers, 2006: 113), ao passo que redações com poucos recursos têm enfrentado críticas por veicularem vídeos de release sem edição (Henry, 2007), ou usando como base apenas uma fonte ([http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=38881|Ponsford, 2007]), e o jornalism]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 03:39:42 +0000 add http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/Blogs+e+Jornalismo email.hidden@example.com (Gabriela) Gabriela added Blogs e Jornalismo Perguntar se “blogs são jornalismo” é confundir forma por conteúdo. Blogs – como websites, papel, televisão ou rádio – podem conter jornalismo, mas podem não conter. Eles são plataformas, embora – como outras plataformas midiáticas – sigam determinadas convenções genéricas. Como em todas convenções, elas possuem vantagens e desvantagens para o jornalismo, e é o que este capítulo objetiva tratar.

Como uma plataforma, blogs são um tipo de website construído (normalmente) usando um software de administração de conteúdo em um modelo onde entradas são datadas e distribuídas com a entrada mais recente no topo. Apesar da extraordinária variedade e quantidade, a tecnologia e a história dos blogs deram ao meio algumas qualidades genéricas. Essas qualidades incluem: uma estrutura em que a postagem mais recente fica no topo, um “blogroll” de sites relacionados, um estilo de escrita geralmente pessoal ou subjetivo, brevidade, e – relacionado à brevidade – uma tendência a ]]> Mon, 05 Nov 2007 03:04:07 +0000 add http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited FrontPage At the same time, readers should be wary of falling into technologically determinist perspectives that herald an age where 'everyone is a journalist' or, indeed, no one is.
Drawing on literature on the subject and examples in the UK and abroad, the chapter will propose that blogs represent a significant opportunity to revitalise journalism in an industry that has seen investment in serious investigative journalism fall in recent years.
and journalism journalism(also in Portuguese)
The amateur-professional debate debate(also in Portuguese)
Sourcing
Publishing
]]> Sun, 04 Nov 2007 21:29:15 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/References email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited References Shane, Scott. For Bloggers, Libby Trial Is Fun and Fodder, New York Times, February 15, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/washington/15bloggers.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin
Smith, Patrick. Guardian investigators share BAE bribery exposé on the web, Press Gazette, July 23, 2007
Sweeney, John. Row over Scientology video, BBC News, May 14, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6650545.stm
Thompson, Clive. A Timeline of the History of Blogging, New York Magazine, February 20, 2006, http://nymag.com/news/media/15971/
Thompson, Bill. Who stands to gain from Wikileaks? BBC News, March 13, 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6443437.stm
]]> Wed, 31 Oct 2007 13:10:03 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/Conclusion email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Conclusion Blogs and new media have undoubtedly changed the landscape of investigative journalism. In terms of its form, journalism as awhole has become more conversational, and iterative, as readers seek to contribute to the story, and journalists open more of their processes to public view. Thetimeand space offered by the internet hasprovided opportunities for these conversations to take place, and for journalists to make raw material available to fuel them.And the networked nature of the Web has facilitated coordination of contributors across borders and industries, along with a now global distribution of material.
The current period offers both significant threatsand opportunities to investigative journalism. The sheer quantity and accessibility of information means that quality is becoming a precious commodity. Technological tools have made the investigative journalist's job of gathering and analysing data, and identifying and contacting sources, easier, but when the source of information is a blog, journalists ]]> Wed, 31 Oct 2007 12:24:23 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/References email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited References Beers, D
Bradshaw, Paul. Blogs and Journalism, 8th Vienna Globalisation Symposium, May 31, 2007,http://onlinejournalismblog.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/vienna_speech_postdraf.doc
Bromley, Michael. Subterfuge as public service, in Allan, Stuart (ed) (2005) Journalism: Critical Issues, Open University Press
Bruns, Axel (2005) Gatewatching, Peter Lang
Blood, Rebecca. Weblogs: a history and perspective, Rebecca's Pocket, September 7, 2000, http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html
]]> Wed, 31 Oct 2007 10:43:16 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/References email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited References Thompson, Clive. A Timeline of the History of Blogging, New York Magazine, February 20, 2006, http://nymag.com/news/media/15971/
Thompson, Bill. Who stands to gain from Wikileaks? BBC News, March 13, 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6443437.stm
Tomlin, Julie. From the frontline to the Frontline Club... and back, Press Gazette, September 28, 2007, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=38934
Weise, Elizabeth. Pet-food scandal ignitesblogosphere, USAToday, June 4,2007, http://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/internetlife/2007-06-04-petfood-scandal_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip#
Wikileaks. Wikileaks: About,2007, http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About
]]> Fri, 26 Oct 2007 11:53:10 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/publishing email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited publishing For Rob Evans, meanwhile, it didn't matter where the BAE story went in the paper, as long as it went online and reached a global audience."It's taking a very long-term view, which editors don't normally take: you put something out there and 18 months later it will suddenly click." (Smith, 2007).
Finally, new media technologies facilitate new forms and spheres of distribution - instantaneous, and global. RSS allows for instant and replicated distribution; reports can be 'mirrored' - copied and published elsewhere - to avoid being censored; and email, mailing lists and social networking services allow stories to be quickly passed on. As a result, sites like YouTube have been used in Iran to denounce state brutality, and in Zimbabwe to expose civil rights violations; and while many countries have attempted to block specific content or social networking sites in general, including Turkey and Thailand (YouTube), the United Arab Emirates, Chinaand Iran (Flickr), users continue to find ways around this ]]> Fri, 26 Oct 2007 11:48:37 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/blogsandjournalism email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited blogsandjournalism A second factor is the rise of linkbacks (also known as trackbacks, refbacksor pingbacks). These 'ping' a blogger to notify them when another blogger has linked to their post, while a brief extract of the referring website and a link is often included as part of the comments on a particular post, enabling the blogger to address any response or debate, as well as allowing readers to follow disussion that took place on other blogs after the original post was written. This combination of reverse referencing and notificationadds to blogging'sconversational nature, making bloggers aware of their readers' identities and opinions, and allowing them to correct errors or clarify and refine arguments. Notably, articles which are not written on a platform using trackback technology - i.e. most traditional news websites - do not get included in this discussion.
Thirdly, because of the tendency for blogs to link frequently, and because of the importance of incoming links to a webpage's ranking on search engines such as]]> Fri, 26 Oct 2007 08:33:56 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/References email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited References Norton, Quinn. Wikileaks spilled, Wired, January 12, 2007http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/01/wikileaks_spill.html
Outing, Steve (2005) Investigative Journalism: Will It Survive? AllBusiness, November 16, 2005,http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services-miscellaneous-business/4685406-1.html
Outlook, The. Blogs: The Next Takeover Target? October 23, 2007, http://outlook.standardandpoors.com/NASApp/NetAdvantage/i/displayIndustryFocusEditorial.do?&context=IndustryFocus&docId=12491873
Ponsford, Dominic. Survey criticises dailies for single-sourcing, Press Gazette, October 19, 2007, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=38881
Revkin, Andrew C. A Young Bush Appointee Resigns His Post at NASA, New York Times, February 8 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/08/politics/08nasa.html?pagewanted=print
]]> Fri, 26 Oct 2007 08:30:14 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/Conclusion email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Conclusion Conclusion
Blogs and new media have undoubtedly changed the landscape of investigative journalism. In terms of its form, journalism as awhole has become more conversational, and iterative, as readers seek to contribute to the story, and journalists open more of their processes to public view. Thetimeand space offered by the internet hasprovided opportunities for these conversations to take place, and for journalists to make raw material available to fuel them.And the networked nature of the Web has facilitated coordination of contributors across borders and industries, along with a now global distribution of material.
sources, easier. easier, but when the source of information is a blog, journalists face the challenge of evaluating both the information and the]]> Wed, 24 Oct 2007 11:58:05 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/unused email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited unused Often it is bloggers themselves that uncover online hoaxes that the mainstream press falls for. Dan Gillmor highlights the case of bloggers investigative the existence of Kaycee Nicole, a blogger who wrote about dying from leukemia. After investigating court records andsharing findings they eventually revealed that Kaycee did not exist (Gillmor, 2004).
...
Public Insight Journalism
Other examples include Wikipedia, Canadian user-generated social news website NowPublic and AssignmentZero.
Unbossed.com undertook its own investigations into toll roads, including the finding that "Local governments in Colorado have agreed to deliberately impede traffic on existing highways near a toll road in order to protect the toll roads' investors." (Rosen, 2007b)
February 2006. EPluribusMedia investigates the politics of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome. In a three-part series pulling together a lot of scattered information, the citizen journalism site details the impact of politics on the f]]> Wed, 24 Oct 2007 11:56:49 +0000 mod http://blogsinvestigativejournalism.pbwiki.com/sourcingmaterial email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited sourcingmaterial "On 7 September, the day prior to [the] broadcast ... [the] left of centre blog Talking Points Memo [posted] news that the programme was set to present 'documents that shed light on Bush's guard service or lack thereof'. Blogs of all political descriptions were promptly stirred into action in anticipation of the broadcast, especially those on the political right [...] Nineteen minutes into the broadcast, the first post calling into question the integrity of the memos appeared on the right-wing blog FreeRepublic.com. Four hours later the documents under scrutiny were decried as a hoax again." (Allan, 2006: 95)
One bloggerin particular, Minneapolis lawyer Scott Johnson, posted an email from a reader to that effect, and returned from work to find "50 emails from experts of all kinds around the country, supplying additional information. And we kept updating our post with that information through the day." (in Allan, 2006: 95).
Public Insight Journalism
Other examples include Wiki]]> Wed, 24 Oct 2007 11:56:30 +0000 mod